I-Biodegradable Ingubo Yepulasitiki Yesikhwama

Umjikelezo wokuphila wesikhwama esivundisiwe uthi:
Ukukhiqizwa: isitashi sommbila sikhishwa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, i-polymer yemvelo etholakala kusitashi sombila, ukolweni noma amazambane.
Khona-ke ama-microorganisms ayiguqula ibe i-molecule encane ye-lactic acid esebenza njengesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwamaketanga e-polymer e-polylactic acid.
Amaketanga ahlanganayo e-polymeric ye-polylactic acid anikeza indawo ephepheni lepulasitiki elibolayo elisebenza njengesisekelo sokwandiswa kwemikhiqizo eminingi yepulasitiki engangcolisi.
Leli phepha lepulasitiki lithuthelwa ezinkampanini zokukhiqiza kanye nokuguqulwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki.
Bese besatshalaliswa ezikhungweni zezentengiselwano ukuze basebenzise futhi badayise izikhwama ezivundisiwe empilweni yabo yansuku zonke.
Isikhwama siyasetshenziswa bese siba yimfucuza (isikhathi esilinganiselwe sokusetshenziswa: imizuzu eyishumi nambili)
Inqubo ye-biodegradation iba isikhathi esilinganiselwe kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyi-9.
I-bioplastics ekhishwe kusitashi sombila isiphenduke insiza engapheli futhi evuselelekayo, iveza imijikelezo yempilo emifushane nevaliwe njengamazinga okulima amakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi aphansi, kugqugquzela ukukhula komkhakha wokutshala futhi kwenza ukwanda kwezitshalo kuqine indlela yokuyeka.Kuyo yonke inqubo yomjikelezo wempilo, ama-ejenti okungcola aye ancipha kwaze kwaba ngu-1000% uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki.
Okukhethekile kwesikhwama seCompostable ukuthi singasetshenziswa njengomanyolo wezitshalo zasekhaya, futhi ngaso sikhule sinempilo futhi sikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezikhwama zepulasitiki.Ngezikhwama ze-AMS Compostables, ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukulahlwa kabusha okusebenzisekayo, kugwenywa ukuqongelela imfucuza engadingekile ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu kanye nokunciphisa ukuminyana kukadoti ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa izimo zempilo yomphakathi emphakathini kanye nemvelo.
Umuntu ovamile usebenzisa isikhwama sepulasitiki esivamile isikhathi esifushane njengemizuzu engu-12 ngaphambi kokusilahla, engalokothi acabange ukuthi singaphelelaphi.
Kodwa uma isidluliselwe endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu, leyo tote yesitolo segrosa ithatha amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukubhidlika - okungaphezulu kakhulu kwempilo yomuntu.Izikhwama zakha inani elithusayo lepulasitiki elitholakala eziswini zomkhomo noma ezidlekeni zezinyoni, futhi akumangalisi - emhlabeni jikelele, sisebenzisa izikhwama zepulasitiki eziphakathi kuka-1 no-5 trillion unyaka ngamunye.
Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezibolayo zithengiswa njengezixazululo ezivumelana nemvelo, ezikwazi ukuhlehla zibe izinto ezingenabungozi ngokushesha kunoplastiki bendabuko.Enye inkampani ithi isikhwama sayo sokuthenga “sizolulaza futhi siwohloke ngokwenqubo eqhubekayo, engenakuhlehliswa futhi engenakuvinjwa” uma sigcina siyimfucumfucu endaweni ezungezile.
Ocwaningweni olushicilelwe kuleli sonto ku-Environmental Science and Technology, abacwaningi babeke izikhwama okuthiwa zi-eco-friendly ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-organic kanye nepulasitiki futhi zithathwe ezitolo zase-UK ukuze zihlolwe.Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu engcwatshwe enhlabathini engadini, ecwiliswe emanzini olwandle, echayeke ekukhanyeni nasemoyeni noma efihlwe elabhorethri, asikho nesisodwa isikhwama esaphuka ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izindawo.
Kuxhasiwe
Eqinisweni, izikhwama ezibolayo ezazishiywe ngaphansi kwamanzi emanzini asemanzini zazisakwazi ukuthwala igilosa.
"Iyini indima yamanye alawa ma-polymers aqanjwe kabusha ngempela?"kubuza uRichard Thompson, isazi sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle saseNyuvesi yasePlymouth kanye nombhali omkhulu wocwaningo.I-polymer iwuchungechunge lwamakhemikhali oluphindaphindayo akha ukwakheka kwepulasitiki, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-biodegradable noma yokwenziwa.
“Kunenselele yokugaywa kabusha futhi bayephuza ukucekela phansi uma bephenduka udoti endaweni,” kusho uThompson, ephakamisa ukuthi lawa mapulasitiki abolayo angase abangele izinkinga ezingaphezu kwalezo azixazululayo.
Okwenziwa Abacwaningi
Abacwaningi baqoqa amasampula ezinhlobo ezinhlanu zezikhwama zepulasitiki.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwalwenziwe nge-polyethylene ephezulu-density - ipulasitiki evamile etholakala ezikhwameni zegrosa.Isetshenziswe njengesiqhathaniso kwezinye izikhwama ezine ezilebulwe njengezilungele imvelo:
Isikhwama sepulasitiki esibolayo esenziwe ngokwengxenye ngamagobolondo e-oyster
Izinhlobo ezimbili zezikhwama ezenziwe ngepulasitiki i-oxo-biodegradable, equkethe izithasiselo izinkampani ezithi zisiza ukubhidlika kwepulasitiki ngokushesha.
Isikhwama esivundisiwe esenziwe ngemikhiqizo yezitshalo
Uhlobo lwesikhwama ngasinye lwalubekwe ezindaweni ezine.Izikhwama eziphelele nezikhwama ezisikwe zibe yimicu zazigqitshwa enhlabathini engadini ngaphandle, zicwiliswe emanzini anosawoti emanzini anosawoti, zishiywe zichayeke emini nasemkhathini ovulekile, noma zivalwe esitsheni esimnyama elebhu elawulwa izinga lokushisa.
I-oksijeni, izinga lokushisa nokukhanya konke kushintsha ukwakheka kwama-polymers epulasitiki, kusho uJulia Kalow, usokhemisi we-polymer waseNorthwestern University, owayengahileleki kulolu cwaningo.Kanjalo futhi ukusabela kwamanzi nokusebenzelana nama-bacterium noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuphila.
Okutholwe Ososayensi
Ngisho nasendaweni enzima yasolwandle, lapho ulwelwe nezilwane zamboza khona upulasitiki ngokushesha, iminyaka emithathu yayingende ngokwanele ukudiliza noma yimaphi amapulasitiki ngaphandle kwenketho yokuvundisa esekelwe esitshalweni, eyanyamalala ngaphansi kwamanzi phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu.Izikhwama ezithathwe ezitshalweni, nokho, zahlala zinjalo kodwa zaba buthaka lapho zingcwatshwa ngaphansi kwenhlabathi engadini izinyanga ezingama-27.
Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha eyadiliza zonke izikhwama ngokungaguquki kwaba ukuchayeka emoyeni ovulekile isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi kuleso simo ngisho nesikhwama esivamile, esivamile se-polyethylene sahlakazeka saba yizicucu ngaphambi kokuba kudlule izinyanga eziyi-18.