Izikhwama ezitholakele zokufunda zazikwazi ukuthwala ukuthenga naphezu kwezimangalo zezemvelo
Izikhwama zepulasitiki ezithi ziyi-biodegradable zazisasebenza futhi zikwazi ukuthwala izitolo iminyaka emithathu ngemuva kokuvezwa imvelo yemvelo, kufundwe isifundo.
Ucwaningo okokuqala luhlolwe izikhwama ezikhohlisayo, izinhlobo ezimbili zesikhwama se-biodegradable kanye nezikhwama ezijwayelekile zokuthwala ngemuva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside olwandle, umoya nomhlaba. Azikho izikhwama ezibolile ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izindawo.
Isikhwama esikhokhwayo sibonakala sengathi siba ngcono kunesikhwama esibizwa ngokuthi yi-biodegradable bag. Isampula esikhwameni esikhohlakele sanyamalala ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu endaweni yasolwandle kodwa abacwaningi bathi umsebenzi owengeziwe uyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela yokuphulwa kanye nokubheka noma yimiphi imiphumela yezemvelo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu izikhwama "ze-biodegradable" ezazingcwatshwe emhlabathini kanti ulwandle lwakwazi ukuthwala ukuthenga. Isikhwama esikhohlisayo sasikhona emhlabathini ezinyangeni ezingama-27 ngemuva kokungcwatshwa, kodwa uma kuhlolwa ngokuthenga ngaphandle kokuthola isisindo ngaphandle kokudwengula.
Abaphenyi abavela e-University of Plymouth International Udokhu Titter Ucwaningo Lwama-Universion - Ishicilelwe ku-Journal Environmental Science and Technology - Kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ngabe amafomu e-biodebradable angathembela ekunikezeni isilinganiso esithuthukile sokonakaliswa ngakho-ke isixazululo esingokoqobo se Inkinga yokudonswa kwepulasitiki.
I-Imogen Napper, eyaholela esifundweni, yathi:"Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ngamangala ngempela ukuthi noma yiziphi izikhwama zisakwazi ukubamba umthwalo wokuthenga. Ngezikhwama ze-biodegradable ukuze ukwazi ukwenza lokho kwakumangaza kakhulu. Lapho ubona okuthile okubhalwe ngaleyo ndlela, ngicabanga ukuthi ngokuzenzakalelayo ucabanga ukuthi kuzongcola ngokushesha ngaphezu kwezikhwama ezijwayelekile. Kepha, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu okungenani, ucwaningo lwethu lukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka kungabi njalo. "
Cishe ingxenye yamapulasitiki ilahlwa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa okukodwa kanye nenani elibonakalayo ligcina njengemfucumfucu.
Ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwamacala ezikhwama zepulasitiki e-UK, izitolo ezinkulu zisakhiqiza izigidigidi unyaka nonyaka. Ainhlolovo yezitolo ezinkulu eziyi-10NgoGreenpeace wembula ukuthi bekhiqiza izikhwama zepulasitiki eziyi-1.1bn eyodwa, ipulasitiki ye-1.2bn zikhiqiza izikhwama zezithelo nezithelo nezikhwama ezingama-958m "zokuphila" ngonyaka.
Ucwaningo lwePlymouth luthi ngonyaka we-2010 kwalinganiselwa ukuthi izikhwama zeplastiki zepulasitiki ezingama-98.6bn zabekwa emakethe ye-EU futhi kufakwe izikhwama zepulasitiki ezingama-100bn njalo ngonyaka.
Ukuqwashisa ngenkinga yokungcola ngepulasitiki kanye nomthelela emvelweni kuholele ekukhuleni ezindaweni okubizwa ngokuthi izinketho ezinama-bioderhadable nezezimali.
Ucwaningo luthi eminye yale mikhiqizo ithengiswa eceleni kwezitatimende ezibonisa ukuthi zingahle zibuyele emvelweni ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu kunokwipulasitiki ojwayelekile "noma" ezinye izindlela zezitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ipulasitiki ".
Kepha uNapper uthe imiphumela yakhombisa ukuthi azikho izikhwama ezingathembela kuzo ukukhombisa noma yikuphi ukuwohloka okukhulu esikhathini seminyaka emithathu kuzo zonke izindawo. "Ngakho-ke akucacile ukuthi ukwakheka okungathandeki kwe-OXO-bioderhradable noma okungathandeki kunikeza amazinga athuthukile okuwohloka ukuze kube nenzuzo yokwehliswa imfucumfucu yasolwandle, uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhwama ezijwayelekile," kutholakala ucwaningo.
Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi indlela izikhwama ezikhohlisayo ezathathwa ngayo yayibalulekile. Kufanele ngabe kufanele zibe nenqubomgomo yokuphatha ephethwe ngesenzo sokwenza izinto ezincane ngokwemvelo. Kepha lo mbiko uthe lokhu kudinga ukusakazwa kwemfucuza okunikezelwe ekudotiweni okukhohlisayo - okuyinto i-UK ayinayo.
I-Veghere, ekhiphe isikhwama esikhohlisayo esisetshenziswe ocwaningweni, uthe lolu cwaningo lwaluyisikhumbuzo esifike ngesikhathi sokuthi akukho okubonakalayo kwakungekuhle kakhulu, futhi kungavuselelwa kabusha endaweni yaso efanele.
"Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwemigomo efana ne-compostable, i-biodegradable kanye (oxfo) -ukuphakanyiswa," kusho okhulumela amagama. "Ukulahla umkhiqizo emvelweni kusalokhu kungcolisa, kuyabonakala noma ngenye indlela. Ukungcwaba akulona umquba. Izinto ezikhokhwayo zingamelana nezimo ezinhlanu ezibalulekile - ama-virus, umoya-mpilo, umswakama, imfudumalo nesikhathi. "
Kuqhathaniswa izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezihlukene zesikhwama sePust Carriers. Lokhu kufaka izinhlobo ezimbili zesikhwama se-OXO-biodegradable, isikhwama esisodwa se-biodegradable, isikhwama esisodwa esikhokhwayo, kanye nesikhwama se-polyethylene ephezulu - isikhwama sepulasitiki esivamile.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuntuleka kobufakazi obucacile bokuthi izinto ze-biodegradable, izinto ezikhohlisayo nezempikiswano ezinikezwe inzuzo yezemvelo ngamapulasitiki ajwayelekile, kanye namathuba okuqhekeka kuma-microplastics kubangele ukukhathazeka okwengeziwe.
UProf Richard Thompson, inhloko yaleli yunithi, uthe lolu cwaningo luphakamise imibuzo yokuthi umphakathi udukiswa.
"Sibonisa lapha ukuthi izinto zokwakha ezihlolwe azizange ziveze inzuzo engaguquki, ethembekile futhi efanelekile kumongo wasolwandle, "kusho yena. "Kuyangikhathaza ukuthi lezi zinto zokwakha amanoveli nazo ziletha nezinselelo ekusebenzeni kabusha. Isifundo sethu sigcizelela isidingo samazinga aphathelene nezinto ezingokonakalayo, ngokusobala echaza kahle indlela efanelekile yokulahla kanye namanani okuwohloka okungalindelekile. "
Isikhathi Seposi: Meyi-23-2022
